国内外涤纶产品与技术发展趋势

介绍了国内外涤纶的产品开发现状及发展趋势;综述了国内外涤纶差别化产品的技术发展方向;分析了我国涤纶产品的发展方向和市场需求,以及开发涤纶新产品、加强涤纶产品差别化的趋势;提出我国现阶段应从原料体系、技术创新及产业化联盟等促进涤纶行业的进一步发展.     

竹炭改性涤纶短纤维的结构与性能

探讨了竹炭改性涤纶短纤维,并对竹炭改性涤纶短纤维的远红外发射率及负离子发生量等进行了测试.结果表明:竹炭改性涤纶短纤维中的竹炭粉体具有多孔结构,且在纤维中能均匀分散,竹炭改性涤纶的负离子发生量达5 200个/m3,高于普通涤纶,负离子释放稳定;功能纤维远红外发射率高达0.88,其白度为57.29%,线密度和断裂强度超过...     

富马酸二甲酯的催化合成

在反应的第一阶段,以阳离子树脂为催化剂,用马来酸酐和无水甲醇进行酯化反应得到马来酸二甲酯,反应混合物经分离去掉催化剂并干燥除水;在反应的第二阶段,向第一阶段的反应混合物中加入溴的四氯化碳溶液,经光照异构化得到富马酸二甲酯。研究表明,反应第一阶段的较佳条件是:马来酸酐14.7 g,无水甲醇20 mL,阳离子树脂1.5 g,70℃下回流反应5 h;反应第二阶段的较佳条件是:B r2/CC l4和λ=350 nm光照射,产率可达92.5%;实验证明,阳离子树脂催化剂具有良好的重复使用性能。     

PTT/CF复合材料的动态流变和动态力学性能

采用旋转流变仪、动态力学分析仪（DMA）、扫描电镜（SEM）和偏光显微镜对聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯（PTT）/炭纤维（CF）复合材料的动态力学性能、流变行为、相形态和结晶形态进行了研究。结果表明,CF在基体中无规分布并与基体具有良好的粘接性能,在降温过程中PTT仍形成球晶。PTT/CF复合材料熔体仍为假塑性流体,复数黏度随剪...     

A comparison of reactive plasma pre-treatments on PET substrates by Cu and Ti pulsed-DC and HIPIMS discharges

PET web samples have been treated by magnetically enhanced glow discharges powered using either medium frequency pulse direct current (p-DC) or low frequency high power pulse (HIPIMS) sources. The plasma pre-treatment processes were carried out in an Ar–O₂ atmosphere using either Cu or Ti sputter targets. XPS, AFM and sessile drop water contact angle measurements have been employed to examine changes in surface chemistry and morphology for different pre-treatment process parameters. Deposition of metal oxide onto the PET surface is observed as a result of the sputter magnetron-based glow discharge web treatment. Using the Cu target, both the p-DC and HIPIMS processes result in the formation of a thin CuO layer (with a thickness between 1 and 11 nm) being deposited onto the PET surface. Employing the Ti target, both p-DC and HIPIMS processes give rise to a much lower concentration of Ti (< 5 at.%), in the form of TiO₂ on the PET treated surface. The TiO₂ is probably distributed as an island-like distribution covering the PET surface. Presence of Cu and Ti oxide constituents on the treated PET is beneficial in aiding the adhesion but alone (i.e. without oxygen plasma activation) is not enough to provide very high levels of hydrophilicity as is clear from sessile drop water contact angle measurements on aged samples. Exposure to the plasma treatments leads to a small amount of roughening of the substrate surface, but the average surface roughness in all cases is below 2.5 nm. The PET structure at the interface with a coating is mostly or wholly preserved. The oxygen plasma treatment, metal oxide deposition and surface roughening resulting from the HIPIMS and p-DC treatments will promote adhesion to any subsequent thin film that is deposited immediately following the plasma treatment.     

纳米金刚石膜的成核及生长特性研究

采用直流等离子体喷射化学气相沉积(DC arc pla sma jet)系统制备了纳米金刚石膜(NCD),研究了不同的金刚石成核剂溶液对NCD 膜的成核及生长的影响。研究表明,在成核剂溶液中添加二甲基亚砜(DMSO)后成核密度明显 得到提高,而 且制备的NCD膜晶粒分布均匀、致密。当金刚石粉体作为成核剂时,随着其粒径 的增大,NCD膜成核密度下降,晶粒的尺寸均匀性也变差,而粒径为5nm的金刚石纳米粒 子作为成核剂时,NCD膜晶粒间结合致密、颗粒分布均匀。最后,选择5nm的金刚石纳米 粒子和丙酮/DMSO配制的分散液作为成核剂配方,经过60min的生长 ,制备了粒径为50～70 nm的结晶性和品质良好的NCD膜,适用于高频声表面波(SAW)器件及各种光学窗口的研制。     

焙烧态类水滑石/HZSM-5双功能催化剂的制备及催化CO_2加氢合成二甲醚

采用并流共沉淀法制备了不同Zr O2含量的Cu O-Zn O-Al2O3-Zr O2类水滑石前体,焙烧后与HZSM-5分子筛物理混合得到Cu O-Zn O-Al2O3-Zr O2/HZSM-5双功能催化剂,采用XRD、N2物理吸附、H2-TPR等技术对催化剂的物相、结构特征及还原性进行了表征,考察了催化剂对CO2加氢直接合成二甲醚(DME)反应的催化性能。实验结果表明,所有前体试样均具有结晶相为Cu3Zn3Al2(OH)16·4H2O的水滑石结构,Zr O2的加入改善了催化剂的还原性和活性,DME合成速率主要取决于甲醇的合成速率。在533 K、3.0 MPa、n(H2)∶n(CO2)=3∶1、GHSV=2 400 h-1的反应条件下,当n(Zr O2)∶n(Al2O3+Zr O2)=0.10时,催化剂的反应性能最佳,CO2转化率达25.87%,DME选择性达48.15%;反应30 h后,催化剂仍表现出较高的活性及稳定性。     

GF/PCBT复合材料熔融连接接头失效分析的实验研究与数值模拟

为了解决高黏度热塑性树脂难以制备高强度、大尺寸纤维增强热塑性复合材料构件的问题,采用真空辅助树脂传递模塑(VARTM)工艺与热压工艺相结合的方法,以环状对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(CBT)在催化剂作用下聚合成的聚环状对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PCBT)为基体,制备了纤维体积分数达70%的连续玻璃纤维(GF)/PCBT复合材料层合板及熔融连接件,并测得其力学参数。采用数值模拟方法对连接界面层数分别为1、2、3层的A、B、C型3种不同方案的GF/PCBT复合材料熔融连接接头的承载能力和失效模式进行了预测。结果表明:不同的结构设计方案对GF/PCBT复合材料接头性能的影响较大,当连接长度在一定范围内时,接头区域主要发生界面分层失效,接头处复合材料的翘曲为界面裂纹加速扩展的主要因素,C型连接方式的接头结构承载能力相比于A型连接方式有明显提高;增加C型接头连接长度,试件承载能力提高,直至接头处界面分层失效和纤维、基体失效同时发生;继续增加连接长度,纤维与基体失效将成为接头区域的主要失效模式,此时承载能力无明显提升。     

玻璃纤维-碳纤维混杂增强PCBT复合材料层合板的制备及低速冲击性能

采用环状对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(CBT)预浸料,利用真空袋辅助热压工艺制备了玻璃纤维机织布-碳纤维机织布/聚环状对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(GF-CF/PCBT)混杂复合材料层合板。利用双悬臂梁(DCB)和三点端部开口弯曲(3ENF)试验对连续纤维增强PCBT复合材料层合板的层间强度做出评估。同时,利用低速冲击试验结合Abaqus/Explicit有限元仿真重点考察了混杂纤维增强PCBT复合材料层合板的低速冲击性能。试验结果表明:尽管CF/PCBT复合材料层合板具有优异的层间性能,当冲击能量为114.3J时,由于CF自身的脆性,CF/PCBT复合材料层合板被完全穿透,而GF-CF/PCBT混杂复合材料层合板只在表面形成凹痕。与纯CF增强PCBT复合材料层合板相比,铺层形式为[CF/GF/CF]25的GF-CF/PCBT混杂复合材料层合板的抗冲击损伤能力提高2倍。仿真得到的云图显示,冲击引起的应力在CF中的分布区域要明显大于在GF中的分布区域。     

Hydrodeoxygenation of HMF over Pt/C in a continuous flow reactor

The three‐phase hydrodeoxygenation reaction of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) with H₂ was studied over a 10 wt % Pt/C catalyst using both batch and flow reactors, with ethanol, 1‐propanol, and toluene solvents. The reaction is shown to be sequential, with HMF reacting first to furfuryl ethers and other partially hydrogenated products. These intermediate products then form dimethyl furan (DMF), which in turn reacts further to undesired products. Furfuryl ethers were found to react to DMF much faster than HMF, explaining the higher reactivity of HMF when alcohol solvents were used. With the optimal residence time, it was possible to achieve yields approaching 70% in the flow reactor with the Pt/C catalyst. Much higher selectivities and yields were obtained in the flow reactor than in the batch reactor because side products are formed sequentially, rather than in parallel, demonstrating the importance of choosing the correct type of reactor in catalyst screening. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 590–597, 2015